Principal Investigator

Ronald B
Goldberg
Awardee Organization

University Of Miami School Of Medicine
United States

Fiscal Year
2022
Activity Code
U01
Project End Date

4/22 Limited Competition for the Continuation of the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS) – Clinical Center

Abnormal regulation of glycemia (“dysglycemia”) has a very long time course, from the earliest stage of pre-diabetes, to the onset of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), to the development of clinically detectable microvascular changes and measurable atherosclerosis, to clinically manifest complications with attendant morbidity and mortality. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) focused on the pre-diabetes stage of dysglycemia and demonstrated powerful beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention (ILS) and metformin (MET), compared with placebo (PLBO), in preventing or delaying the onset of T2D over a 3-year period in a high-risk population (n=3234). The DPP also investigated and described the interventions, phenotypic and genotypic risk factors associated with T2D development, the effects of the interventions in the setting of these risk factors, the health economic implications of T2D prevention, and other outcomes of interest. Based on these results, the DPP lifestyle program has been widely implemented. The DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS) has explored the longer-term effects of T2D prevention in the DPP cohort, bridging the period between pre-diabetes and T2D, and has examined outcomes that required more time to develop than the 3-years of DPP. DPPOS showed longer-term salutary effects of the original interventions on T2D prevention and on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The risk for microvascular disease was significantly greater in subjects who developed T2D and increased with longer duration and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). There were no significant differences by treatment group in the prevalence of the aggregate microvascular outcome; however, compared with PLBO and MET, ILS significantly reduced the risk of microvascular disease among women and those with HbA1c ≥6.5%. During the one-year extension of DPPOS Phase 3, we will maintain and continue to follow the well-characterized and valuable DPPOS cohort, and collect measurements of outcomes as described in the protocol. We will 1) perform new analyses to characterize the heterogeneous course of dysglycemia and its long-term complications and factors that define susceptibility or resistance to diabetes, its complications, and common chronic conditions of aging, and 2) explore the factors associated with participant retention, adherence to the protocol and completion of measurements, and determine if alternative methods can be implemented to improve retention and adherence and to expand data collection. These aims will provide important insights into prediabetes and diabetes and their long-term outcomes and could serve the potential further study of the DPPOS cohort.

Publications

  • Shams-White MM, Tjaden AH, Edelstein SL, Bassiouni S, Kahle LL, Kim C, Pi-Sunyer X, Temple KA, Venditti EM, Reedy J, Heckman-Stoddard BM, DPP Research Group, Bray GA, Gadde KM, Culbert IW, Arceneaux J, Chatellier A, Dragg A, Champagne CM, Duncan C, Eberhardt B, Greenway F, Guillory FG, Herbert AA, Jeffirs ML, Kennedy BM, Levy E, Lockett M, Lovejoy JC, Morris LH, Melancon LE, Ryan DH, Sanford DA, Smith KG, Smith LL, St Amant JA, Tulley RT, Vicknair PC, Williamson D, Zachwieja JJ, Polonsky KS, Tobian J, Ehrmann DA, Matulik MJ, Clark B, Czech K, DeSandre C, Hilbrich R, McNabb W, Semenske AR, Caro JF, Furlong K, Goldstein BJ, Watson PG, Smith KA, Mendoza J, Wildman W, Liberoni R, Spandorfer J, Pepe C, Donahue RP, Goldberg RB, Prineas R, Calles J, Ojito J, Rowe P, Cassanova-Romero P, Castillo-Florez S, Florez HJ, Giannella A, Kirby L, Larreal C, Lara O, McLymont V, Mendez J, Perry A, Saab P, Veciana B, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Montez MG, Hattaway K, Lorenzo C, Martinez A, Walker T, Dabelea D, Hamman RF, Nash PV, Steinke SC, Testaverde L, Anderson DR, Ballonoff LB, Bouffard A, Bucca B, Calonge BN, Delve L, Farago M, Hill JO, Hoyer SR, Jenkins T, Jortberg BT, Lenz D, Miller M, Perreault L, Price DW, Regensteiner JG, Seagle H, Smith CM, VanDorsten B, Horton ES, Lawton KE, Poirier CS, Swift K, Arky RA, Bryant M, Burke JP, Caballero E, Callaphan KM, Fargnoli B, Franklin T, Ganda OP, Guidi A, Guido M, Jackson SD, Jacobsen AM, Lambert L, Ledbury S, Kocal M, Kula LM, Malloy MA, Nicosia M, Oldmixon CF, Pan J, Quitingon M, Rubtchinsky S, Sansoucy J, Schweizer D, Seely EW, Simonson D, Smith F, Solomon CG, Spellman J, Warram J, Kahn SE, Montgomery BK, Fujimoto W, Knopp RH, Lipkin EW, Marr M, Morgan-Taggart I, Murillo A, Trence D, Taylor L, Thomas A, Tsai EC, Dagogo-Jack S, Kitabchi AE, Murphy ME, Taylor L, Dolgoff J, Applegate WB, Bryer-Ash M, Clark D, Frieson SL, Ibebuogu U, Imseis R, Lambeth H, Lichtermann LC, Oktaei H, Ricks H, Rutledge LMK, Sherman AR, Smith CM, Soberman JE, Williams-Cleaves B, Metzger BE, Molitch ME, Johnson MK, Adelman DT, Behrends C, Cook M, Fitzgibbon M, Giles MM, Heard D, Johnson CKH, Larsen D, Lowe A, Lyman M, McPherson D, Penn SC, Pitts T, Reinhart R, Roston S, Schinleber PA, Nathan DM, McKitrick C, Turgeon H, Larkin M, Abbott K, Anderson E, Bissett L, Bondi K, Cagliero E, Florez JC, D'Anna K, Delahanty L, Goldman V, Lou P, Poulos A, Raymond E, Stevens C, Tseng B, Olefsky JM, Barrett-Connor E, Carrion-Petersen ML, Beltran M, Claravall LN, Dowden JM, Edelman SV, Henry RR, Horne J, Lamkin M, Janesch SS, Leos D, Mudaliar S, Polonsky W, Smith J, Torio-Hurley J, Vejvoda K, Pi-Sunyer FX, Lee JE, Allison DB, Agharanya N, Aronoff NJ, Baldo M, Crandall JP, Foo ST, Hagamen S, Luchsinger JA, Pal C, Parkes K, Pena MB, Rooney ES, Van Wye GEH, Viscovich KA, Marrero DG, Mather KJ, Prince MJ, Kelly SM, Jackson MA, McAtee G, Putenney P, Ackermann RT, Cantrell CM, Dotson YF, Fineberg ES, Fultz M, Guare JC, Hadden A, Ignaut JM, Kirkman MS, O'Kelly Phillips E, Porter BD, Roach PJ, Rowland ND, Wheeler ML, Aroda V, Ratner RE, Youssef G, Shapiro S, Bavido-Arrage C, Boggs G, Bronsord M, Brown E, Cheatham WW, Cola S, Evans C, Gibbs P, Kellum T, Wiggins R, Lagarda M, Leon L, Levatan C, Lindsay M, Nair AK, Passaro M, Silverman A, Uwaifo G, Wells-Thayer D, Saad MF, Watson K, Budget M, Jinagouda S, Botrous M, Akbar K, Conzues C, Magpuri P, Ngo K, Rassam A, Waters D, Xapthalamous K, Santiago JV, Dagogo-Jack S, White NH, Brown AL, Das S, Khare-Ranade P, Stich T, Santiago A, Fisher E, Hurt E, Jones T, Kerr M, Ryder L, Wernimont C, Golden SH, Saudek CD, Bradley V, Sullivan E, Whittington T, Abbas C, Allen A, Brancati FL, Cappelli S, Clark JM, Charleston JB, Freel J, Horak K, Greene A, Jiggetts D, Johnson D, Joseph H, Loman K, Mosley H, Reusing J, Rubin RR, Samuels A, Shields T, Stephens S, Stewart KJ, Thomas LL, Utsey E, Williamson P, Schade DS, Adams KS, Canady JL, Johannes C, Hemphill C, Hyde P, Atler LF, Boyle PJ, Burge MR, Chai L, Colleran K, Gonzales Y, Hernandez-McGinnis DA, Katz P, King C, Rassam A, Rubinchik S, Senter W, Waters D, Crandall J, Shamoon H, Brown JO, Trandafirescu G, Adorno E, Cox L, Duffy H, Engel S, Friedler A, Goldstein A, Howard-Century CJ, Lukin J, Kloiber S, Longchamp N, Martinez H, Pompi D, Scheindlin J, Violino E, Walker EA, Wylie-Rosett J, Zimmerman E, Zonszein J, Orchard T, Wing RR, Jeffries S, Koenning G, Kramer MK, Smith M, Barr S, Benchoff C, Boraz M, Clifford L, Culyba R, Frazier M, Gilligan R, Guimond S, Harrier S, Harris L, Kriska A, Manjoo Q, Mullen M, Noel A, Otto A, Pettigrew J, Rockette-Wagner B, Rubinstein D, Semler L, Smith CF, Venditti E, Weinzierl V, Williams KV, Wilson T, Arakaki RF, Latimer RW, Baker-Ladao NK, Isonaga MK, Beddow R, Bermudez NE, Dias L, Inouye J, Mau MK, Melish JS, Mikami K, Mohideen P, Odom SK, Perry RU, Yamamoto RE, Knowler WC, Cooeyate N, Hoskin MA, Percy CA, Enote A, Natewa C, Acton KJ, Andre VL, Barber R, Begay S, Bennett PH, Benson MB, Bird EC, Broussard BA, Bucca BC, Chavez M, Cook S, Curtis J, Dacawyma T, Doughty MS, Duncan R, Dodge C, Edgerton C, Ghahate JM, Glass J, Glass M, Gohdes D, Grant W, Hanson RL, Horse E, Ingraham LE, Jackson M, Jay P, Kaskalla RS, Kessler D, Kobus KM, Krakoff J, Kurland J, Manus C, McCabe C, Michaels S, Morgan T, Nashboo Y, Nelson JA, Poirier S, Polczynski E, Piromalli C, Reidy M, Roumain J, Rowse D, Roy RJ, Sangster S, Sewenemewa J, Smart M, Tonemah D, Williams R, Wilson C, Yazzie M, Bain R, Fowler S, Temprosa M, Larsen MD, Brenneman T, Edelstein SL, Abebe S, Bamdad J, Barkalow M, Bethepu J, Bezabeh T, Butler N, Callaghan J, Carter CE, Christophi C, Dwyer GM, Foulkes M, Gao Y, Gooding R, Gottlieb A, Grimes KL, Grover-Fairchild N, Haffner L, Hoffman H, Jablonski K, Jones S, Jones TL, Katz R, Kolinjivadi P, Lachin JM, Ma Y, Mucik P, Orlosky R, Pan Q, Reamer S, Rochon J, Sapozhnikova A, Sherif H, Stimpson C, Tjaden AH, Walker-Murray F, Venditti EM, Kriska AM, Semler L, Weinzierl V, Marcovina S, Harting J, Aldrich FA, Albers J, Strylewicz G, Eastman R, Fradkin J, Garfield S, Lee C, Gregg E, Zhang P, O'Leary D, Evans G, Budoff M, Dailing C, Stamm E, Schwartz A, Navy C, Palermo L, Rautaharju P, Prineas RJ, Alexander T, Campbell C, Hall S, Li Y, Mills M, Pemberton N, Rautaharju F, Zhang Z, Soliman EZ, Hu J, Hensley S, Keasler L, Taylor T, Danis R, Davis M, Hubbard L, Endres R, Elsas D, Johnson S, Gama V, Goulding A, Luchsinger JA, Manly J, Mayer-Davis E, Moran RR, Ganiats T, David K, Sarkin AJ, Groessl E, Katzir N, Herman WH, Brändle M, Brown MB, Florez JC, Altshuler D, Billings LK, Chen L, Harden M, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Pollin TI, Shuldiner AR, Jablonski K, Franks PW. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) score and diabetes risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). BMC nutrition. 2022 Sep 21;8(1):105. PMID: 36131333
  • Wander PL, Christophi CA, Araneta MRG, Boyko EJ, Enquobahrie DA, Dabelea D, Goldberg RB, Kahn SE, Kim C, Pi-Sunyer X, Knowler WC. Adiposity, related biomarkers, and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2022 Jan;30(1):221-228. Epub 2021 Nov 18. PMID: 34796678
  • Kim C, Younes N, Temprosa M, Edelstein S, Goldberg RB, Araneta MG, Wallia A, Brown A, Darwin C, Ibebuogu U, Pi-Sunyer X, Knowler WC. Infertility, Gravidity, and Risk Of Diabetes among High-Risk Women in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2020 Mar 1;105(3):e358-67. PMID: 31955207
  • Allaire BT, Tjaden AH, Venditti EM, Apolzan JW, Dabelea D, Delahanty LM, Edelstein SL, Hoskin MA, Temple KA, Wylie-Rosett J, Jaacks LM, DPP Research Group. Diet quality, weight loss, and diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). BMC nutrition. 2020 Dec 15;6(1):74. PMID: 33317629
  • Temprosa M, Moore SC, Zanetti KA, Appel N, Ruggieri D, Mazzilli KM, Chen KL, Kelly RS, Lasky-Su JA, Loftfield E, McClain K, Park B, Trijsburg L, Zeleznik OA, Mathé EA. COMETS Analytics: An Online Tool for Analyzing and Meta-Analyzing Metabolomics Data in Large Research Consortia. American journal of epidemiology. 2022 Jan 1;191(1):147-158. PMID: 33889934
  • Walker EA, Gonzalez JS, Tripputi MT, Dagogo-Jack S, Matulik MJ, Montez MG, Tadros S, Edelstein SL, DPP Research Group. Long-term metformin adherence in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. BMJ open diabetes research & care. 2020 Oct;8. (1). PMID: 33023898
  • Gupta DK, Walford GA, Ma Y, Jarolim P, Wang TJ, DPP Research Group. Racial/ethnic differences in circulating natriuretic peptide levels: The Diabetes Prevention Program. PloS one. 2020 Feb 21;15(2):e0229280. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229280. eCollection 2020. PMID: 32084251
  • Aroda VR, Christophi CA, Edelstein SL, Perreault L, Kim C, Golden SH, Horton E, Mather KJ, DPP Research Group, Bray GA, Gadde K, Culbert IW, Arceneaux J, Chatellier A, Dragg A, Champagne CM, Duncan C, Eberhardt B, Greenway F, Guillory FG, Herbert AA, Jeffirs ML, Kennedy BM, Levy E, Lockett M, Lovejoy JC, Morris LH, Melancon LE, Ryan DH, Sanford DA, Smith KG, Smith LL, St JA, Amant RTT, Vicknair PC, Williamson D, Zachwieja JJ, Polonsky KS, Tobian J, Ehrmann DA, Matulik MJ, Clark B, Czech K, DeSandre C, Hilbrich R, McNabb W, Semenske AR, Caro JF, Furlong K, Goldstein BJ, Watson PG, Smith KA, Mendoza J, Wildman W, Liberoni R, Spandorfer J, Pepe C, Donahue RP, Goldberg RB, Prineas R, Calles J, Ojito J, Rowe P, Cassanova-Romero P, Castillo-Florez S, Florez HJ, Giannella A, Kirby L, Larreal C, Lara O, McLymont V, Mendez J, Perry A, Saab P, Veciana B, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Montez MG, Hattaway K, Lorenzo C, Martinez A, Walker T, Dabelea D, Hamman RF, Nash PV, Steinke SC, Testaverde L, Anderson DR, Ballonoff LB, Bouffard A, Bucca B, Ned Calonge B, Delve L, Farago M, Hill JO, Hoyer SR, Jenkins T, Jortberg BT, Lenz D, Miller M, Perreault L, Price DW, Regensteiner JG, Seagle H, Smith CM, VanDorsten B, Horton ES, Lawton KE, Poirier CS, Swift K, Arky RA, Bryant M, Burke JP, Caballero E, Callaphan KM, Fargnoli B, Franklin T, Ganda OP, Guidi A, Guido M, Jackson SD, Jacobsen AM, Lambert L, Ledbury S, Kocal M, Kula LM, Malloy MA, Nicosia M, Oldmixon CF, Pan J, Quitingon M, Rubtchinsky S, Sansoucy J, Schweizer D, Seely EW, Simonson D, Smith F, Solomon CG, Spellman J, Warram J, Kahn SE, Montgomery BK, Fujimoto W, Knopp RH, Lipkin EW, Marr M, Morgan-Taggart I, Murillo A, Trence D, Taylor L, Thomas A, Tsai EC, Dagogo-Jack S, Kitabchi AE, Murphy ME, Taylor L, Dolgoff J, Applegate WB, Bryer-Ash M, Clark D, Frieson SL, Ibebuogu U, Imseis R, Lambeth H, Lichtermann LC, Oktaei H, Ricks H, Rutledge LMK, Sherman AR, Smith CM, Soberman JE, Williams-Cleaves B, Metzger BE, Molitch ME, Johnson MK, Adelman DT, Behrends C, Cook M, Fitzgibbon M, Giles MM, Heard D, Johnson CKH, Larsen D, Lowe A, Lyman M, McPherson D, Penn SC, Pitts T, Reinhart R, Roston S, Schinleber PA, Nathan DM, McKitrick C, Turgeon H, Larkin M, Abbott K, Anderson E, Bissett L, Bondi K, Cagliero E, Florez JC, D'Anna K, Delahanty L, Goldman V, Lou P, Poulos A, Raymond E, Stevens C, Tseng B, Olefsky JM, Barrett-Connor E, Carrion-Petersen ML, Beltran M, Claravall LN, Dowden JM, Edelman SV, Henry RR, Horne J, Lamkin M, Janesch SS, Leos D, Mudaliar S, Polonsky W, Smith J, Torio-Hurley J, Vejvoda K, Pi-Sunyer FX, Lee JE, Allison DB, Agharanya N, Aronoff NJ, Baldo M, Crandall JP, Foo ST, Hagamen S, Luchsinger JA, Pal C, Parkes K, Pena MB, Rooney ES, Van Wye GEH, Viscovich KA, Marrero DG, Mather KJ, Prince MJ, Kelly SM, Jackson MA, McAtee G, Putenney P, Ackermann RT, Cantrell CM, Dotson YF, Fineberg ES, Fultz M, Guare JC, Hadden A, Ignaut JM, Kirkman MS, Phillips EO, Porter BD, Roach PJ, Rowland ND, Wheeler ML, Aroda V, Ratner RE, Youssef G, Shapiro S, Bavido-Arrage C, Boggs G, Bronsord M, Brown E, Cheatham WW, Cola S, Evans C, Gibbs P, Kellum T, Wiggins R, Lagarda M, Leon L, Levatan C, Lindsay M, Nair AK, Passaro M, Silverman A, Uwaifo G, Wells-Thayer D, Saad MF, Watson K, Budget M, Jinagouda S, Botrous M, Akbar K, Conzues C, Magpuri P, Ngo K, Rassam A, Waters D, Xapthalamous K, Santiago JV, White NH, Brown AL, Das S, Khare-Ranade P, Stich T, Santiago A, Fisher E, Hurt E, Jones T, Kerr M, Ryder L, Wernimont C, Golden SH, Saudek CD, Bradley V, Sullivan E, Whittington T, Abbas C, Allen A, Brancati FL, Cappelli S, Clark JM, Charleston JB, Freel J, Horak K, Greene A, Jiggetts D, Johnson D, Joseph H, Loman K, Mosley H, Reusing J, Rubin RR, Samuels A, Shields T, Stephens S, Stewart KJ, Thomas L, Utsey E, Williamson P, Schade DS, Adams KS, Canady JL, Johannes C, Hemphill C, Hyde P, Atler LF, Boyle PJ, Burge MR, Chai L, Colleran K, Gonzales Y, Hernandez-McGinnis DA, Katz P, King C, Rubinchik S, Senter W, Crandall J, Shamoon H, Brown JO, Trandafirescu G, Adorno E, Cox L, Duffy H, Engel S, Friedler A, Goldstein A, Howard-Century CJ, Lukin J, Kloiber S, Longchamp N, Martinez H, Pompi D, Scheindlin J, Violino E, Walker EA, Wylie-Rosett J, Zimmerman E, Zonszein J, Orchard T, Wing RR, Jeffries S, Koenning G, Kaye Kramer M, Smith M, Barr S, Benchoff C, Boraz M, Clifford L, Culyba R, Frazier M, Gilligan R, Guimond S, Harrier S, Harris L, Kriska A, Rockette-Wagner B, Manjoo Q, Mullen M, Noel A, Otto A, Pettigrew J, Rubinstein D, Semler L, Smith CF, Venditti E, Weinzierl V, Williams KV, Wilson T, Arakaki RF, Latimer RW, Baker-Ladao NK, Isonaga MK, Beddow R, Bermudez NE, Dias L, Inouye J, Mau MK, Melish JS, Mikami K, Mohideen P, Odom SK, Perry RU, Yamamoto RE, Knowler WC, Cooeyate N, Hoskin MA, Percy CA, Enote A, Natewa C, Acton KJ, Andre VL, Barber R, Begay S, Bennett PH, Benson MB, Bird EC, Broussard BA, Bucca BC, Chavez M, Cook S, Curtis J, Dacawyma T, Doughty MS, Duncan R, Dodge C, Edgerton C, Ghahate JM, Glass J, Glass M, Gohdes D, Grant W, Hanson RL, Horse E, Ingraham LE, Jackson M, Jay P, Kaskalla RS, Kessler D, Kobus KM, Krakoff J, Kurland J, Manus C, McCabe C, Michaels S, Morgan T, Nashboo Y, Nelson JA, Poirier S, Polczynski E, Piromalli C, Reidy M, Roumain J, Rowse D, Roy RJ, Sangster S, Sewenemewa J, Smart M, Tonemah D, Williams R, Wilson C, Yazzie M, Bain R, Fowler S, Temprosa M, Larsen MD, Brenneman T, Edelstein SL, Abebe S, Bamdad J, Barkalow M, Bethepu J, Bezabeh T, Butler N, Callaghan J, Carter CE, Christophi C, Dwyer GM, Foulkes M, Gao Y, Gooding R, Gottlieb A, Grimes KL, Grover-Fairchild N, Haffner L, Hoffman H, Jablonski K, Jones S, Jones TL, Katz R, Kolinjivadi P, Lachin JM, Ma Y, Mucik P, Orlosky R, Pan Q, Reamer S, Rochon J, Sapozhnikova A, Sherif H, Stimpson C, Tjaden AH, Walker-Murray F, Venditti EM, Kriska AM, Weinzierl V, Marcovina S, Harting J, Alan Aldrich F, Albers J, Strylewicz G, Eastman R, Fradkin J, Garfield S, Lee C, Gregg E, Zhang P, Herman WH, Brändle M, Brown MB, Altshuler D, Billings LK, Chen L, Harden M, Knowler WC, Pollin TI, Shuldiner AR, Franks PW, Hivert MF. Circulating sex hormone binding globulin levels are modified with intensive lifestyle intervention, but their changes did not independently predict diabetes risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program. BMJ open diabetes research & care. 2020 Dec;8. (2). PMID: 33328161
  • Mitro SD, Liu J, Jaacks LM, Fleisch AF, Williams PL, Knowler WC, Laferrère B, Perng W, Bray GA, Wallia A, Hivert MF, Oken E, James-Todd TM, Temprosa M. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance plasma concentrations and metabolomic markers of type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program trial. International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 2021 Mar;232:113680. Epub 2020 Dec 18. PMID: 33348273
  • Goldberg RB, Mather K. Targeting the consequences of the metabolic syndrome in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2012 Sep;32(9):2077-90. PMID: 22895669
  • Kriska AM, Rockette-Wagner B, Edelstein SL, Bray GA, Delahanty LM, Hoskin MA, Horton ES, Venditti EM, Knowler WC, DPP Research Group, Bray GA, Gadde K, Culbert IW, Arceneaux J, Chatellier A, Dragg A, Champagne CM, Duncan C, Eberhardt B, Greenway F, Guillory FG, Herbert AA, Jeffirs ML, Kennedy BM, Levy E, Lockett M, Lovejoy JC, Morris LH, Melancon LE, Ryan DH, Sanford DA, Smith KG, Smith LL, St Amant JA, Tulley RT, Vicknair PC, Williamson D, Zachwieja JJ, Polonsky KS, Tobian J, Ehrmann DA, Matulik MJ, Clark B, Czech K, DeSandre C, Hilbrich R, McNabb W, Semenske AR, Caro JF, Furlong K, Goldstein BJ, Watson PG, Smith KA, Mendoza J, Wildman W, Liberoni R, Spandorfer J, Pepe C, Donahue RP, Goldberg RB, Prineas R, Calles J, Ojito J, Rowe P, Cassanova-Romero P, Castillo-Florez S, Florez HJ, Giannella A, Kirby L, Larreal C, Lara O, McLymont V, Mendez J, Perry A, Saab P, Veciana B, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Montez MG, Hattaway K, Lorenzo C, Martinez A, Walker T, Dabelea D, Hamman RF, Nash PV, Steinke SC, Testaverde L, Anderson DR, Ballonoff LB, Bouffard A, Bucca B, Calonge BN, Delve L, Farago M, Hill JO, Hoyer SR, Jenkins T, Jortberg BT, Lenz D, Miller M, Perreault L, Price DW, Regensteiner JG, Seagle H, Smith CM, VanDorsten B, Horton ES, Lawton KE, Poirier CS, Swift K, Arky RA, Bryant M, Burke JP, Caballero E, Callaphan KM, Fargnoli B, Franklin T, Ganda OP, Guidi A, Guido M, Jackson SD, Jacobsen AM, Lambert L, Ledbury S, Kocal M, Kula LM, Malloy MA, Nicosia M, Oldmixon CF, Pan J, Quitingon M, Rubtchinsky S, Sansoucy J, Schweizer D, Seely EW, Simonson D, Smith F, Solomon CG, Spellman J, Warram J, Kahn SE, Montgomery BK, Fujimoto W, Knopp RH, Lipkin EW, Marr M, Morgan-Taggart I, Murillo A, Trence D, Taylor L, Thomas A, Tsai EC, Dagogo-Jack S, Kitabchi AE, Murphy ME, Taylor L, Dolgoff J, Applegate WB, Bryer-Ash M, Clark D, Frieson SL, Ibebuogu U, Imseis R, Lambeth H, Lichtermann LC, Oktaei H, Ricks H, Rutledge LK, Sherman AR, Smith CM, Soberman JE, Williams-Cleaves B, Metzger BE, Molitch ME, Johnson MK, Adelman DT, Behrends C, Cook M, Fitzgibbon M, Giles MM, Heard D, Johnson CH, Larsen D, Lowe A, Lyman M, McPherson D, Penn SC, Pitts T, Reinhart R, Roston S, Schinleber PA, Nathan DM, McKitrick C, Turgeon H, Larkin M, Abbott K, Anderson E, Bissett L, Bondi K, Cagliero E, Florez JC, D'Anna K, Delahanty L, Goldman V, Lou P, Poulos A, Raymond E, Stevens C, Tseng B, Olefsky JM, Barrett-Connor E, Carrion-Petersen ML, Beltran M, Claravall LN, Dowden JM, Edelman SV, Henry RR, Horne J, Lamkin M, Szerdi Janesch S, Leos D, Mudaliar S, Polonsky W, Smith J, Torio-Hurley J, Vejvoda K, Pi-Sunyer FX, Lee JE, Allison DB, Agharanya N, Aronoff NJ, Baldo M, Crandall JP, Foo ST, Hagamen S, Luchsinger JA, Pal C, Parkes K, Pena MB, Rooney ES, VanWye GH, Viscovich KA, Marrero DG, Mather KJ, Prince MJ, Kelly SM, Jackson MA, McAtee G, Putenney P, Ackermann RT, Cantrell CM, Dotson YF, Fineberg ES, Fultz M, Guare JC, Hadden A, Ignaut JM, Kirkman MS, O'Kelly Phillips E, Porter BD, Roach PJ, Rowland ND, Wheeler ML, Aroda V, Ratner RE, Youssef G, Shapiro S, Bavido-Arrage C, Boggs G, Bronsord M, Brown E, Cheatham WW, Cola S, Evans C, Gibbs P, Kellum T, Wiggins R, Lagarda M, Leon L, Levatan C, Lindsay M, Nair AK, Passaro M, Silverman A, Uwaifo G, Wells-Thayer D, Saad MF, Watson K, Budget M, Jinagouda S, Botrous M, Akbar K, Conzues C, Magpuri P, Ngo K, Rassam A, Waters D, Xapthalamous K, Santiago JV, Dagogo-Jack S, White NH, Brown AL, Das S, Khare-Ranade P, Stich T, Santiago A, Fisher E, Hurt E, Jones T, Kerr M, Ryder L, Wernimont C, Hill Golden S, Saudek CD, Bradley V, Sullivan E, Whittington T, Abbas C, Allen A, Brancati FL, Cappelli S, Clark JM, Charleston JB, Freel J, Horak K, Greene A, Jiggetts D, Johnson D, Joseph H, Loman K, Mosley H, Reusing J, Rubin RR, Samuels A, Shields T, Stephens S, Stewart KJ, Thomas LL, Utsey E, Williamson P, Schade DS, Adams KS, Canady JL, Johannes C, Hemphill C, Hyde P, Atler LF, Boyle PJ, Burge MR, Chai L, Colleran K, Gonzales Y, 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